Info & How-To Articles

The Draganflyer helicopters can be purchased with an optional wireless video & telemetry base station. This base station is housed in a military spec case and features quad diversity antennas to provide you with the best reception. The Dragan Eye Pro 5.8GHz Quad diversity receiver auto-selects the best signal using a combination of received signal strength indication and video signal quality analysis.

The Draganflyer Wireless Video & Telemetry Base Station includes an integrated telemetry transceiver. Using any lap top meeting these requirements you can view live video and telemetry from the Draganflyer X6.

The Draganflyer Wireless Video & Telemetry Base Station also comes with Dragan View Software which can run on any laptop meeting these requirements. Using the Dragan View software you will be able to view in real time:

Heads Up Video Screen






Telemetry Screen

• Draganflyer X6 Helicopter Battery Voltage
• Data Link Quality
• Number of GPS Satellites locked on
• GPS Reception Quality
• Heading
• Bearing
• Altitude
• Climb Rate
• Speed
• Altitude (Roll, Pitch, Yaw)
• Magnetometer Readings
• Velocity
• Temperature
• Throttle
• GPS Latitude & Longitude
• Altitude (GPS & Barometric)
• GPS Accuracy & Position Errors

The photos are Geo Tagged on the Flight Path

The Dragan View software also allows you to view a 3D representation of your flight path on Google earth. The GPS data is recorded each time you take a picture, and the Dragan View software takes this information along with the pictures from your flight and marks them along your flight path.

When you click on the thumbnail image that is located on the flight path Google Earth™ will display the full image. Above the full image the longitude, latitude and altitude information is displayed.

As you might imagine we get tons of e-mail and one of the requests we have been receiving is to see more Draganflyer X6 HD aerial video examples. Specifically people would like to see examples of flying in more wind and keeping the camera on a subject.

The aerial video on this page is the first in a series of videos to address some of these requests along with a brief description of how we got the shots.

Objective:

Shoot Draganflyer X6 1080p HD aerial video tracking moving subjects and flying in wind.

Equipment:

• Draganflyer X6 UAV RC Helicopter
• Panasonic SD9 1080p HD video camera
• Draganflyer SD9 camera mount with 5.8Ghz wireless video transmitter
• Video editing software – iMovie09
• Video editing workstation – 24” iMAC

Safety:

For those of you that have been shooting aerial video with traditional nitro or electric RC helicopters hopefully you can relate to this and for those new to aerial photography please understand safety is a big deal to you, your talent and those around you.

The first problem is that when you are flying something really cool it tends to draw a crowd. There have been many times when we are out in the middle of nowhere and to our surprise all of a sudden there is someone standing there watching what we are doing so “crowd control” is essential.

Everything is a trade-off and what we mean is that traditional nitro or electric RC helicopter platforms (yes, we fly traditional RC helicopters too) are very good at carrying a heavy payload and flying in strong winds but from a safety perspective they are often spinning a 1400mm or 1800mm rotor system at approximately 1,800rpm. The tip velocity and inertia in the rotor system is very high and can be extremely dangerous.

One of the great things about the Draganflyer X6 UAV RC helicopter is that it is a relatively safe power packed helicopter in a nice compact package. Because we are using six individual motors and six rotors they are much smaller, have very low inertia and worst case, if there is an accident, the Draganflyer X6 causes much less damage.

Most importantly always develop a safety plan, know where people are and set aside places for an emergency landing. For the Draganflyer X6, make sure anyone near the helicopter is wearing some form of eye protection and if you develop a crowd watching the shoot, make sure they are all together, positioned up-wind from the shoot and away from the action.

About the video:

People ask about video quality and flying in the wind often, and yes, it can be done. We have re-posted an article written last year about flying in the wind that may be of help. The article describes floating the helicopter in the wind and that same principle of “floating in the wind” was used to get the shots you see here.

Whether you are flying a real helicopter, a large RC helicopter or the Draganflyer X6 if you are fighting the wind you will get some form of vibration so get comfortable with the concept of floating your helicopter with the wind.

Shot breakdown:

• Opening shot, Mini Cooper driving up the street. The wind was blowing from behind the car, the pilot was positioned at the intersection and the driver was instructed to drive at the same pace as the helicopter. To get started we set the altitude of the helicopter and let the wind push it up the street with the car following behind. As the car neared the intersection we slowed the helicopter and yawed right to keep the car in frame.
• Lake bed sequences were a lot of fun. The wind was blowing pretty good and we intentionally got shots with the Draganflyer X6 shadow racing across the ground so you could get a feeling for the wind. In all cases we are starting out well past the Honda CRV and as the wind blows the helicopter past the vehicle, we yaw the helicopter to keep it in frame.
• In the clips with the Honda CRV the wind is blowing the helicopter left to right. Later during post production video editing to get the shots going right to left, we simply reversed the video.
• Slipping across the ground – again just letting the wind blow the helicopter. Be careful because the winds can change in speed and direction. From time-to-time make sure that you can stop the helicopter and penetrate the wind. If you cannot penetrate the wind, land, pack-up and stop for the day.
• Pilot walking through the lake bed. In these shots the helicopter is set in Altitude Hold mode and the pilot is simply walking along in light winds with the helicopter. The pilot is adjusting camera tilt and helicopter yaw to stay in frame.
• Swooping transition shot – we couldn’t resist … that shot was accomplished using an RC airplane equipped with the same Panasonic SD9 1080p HD camera. And it is just a fact that if you are going to pursue the aerial photography business you will end up having a variety of camera platforms. Think of them as tools. We know several people that use a wide range of platforms from the Draganflyer X6 to large turbine powered helicopters and planes to get the shots they need.
• Reflection transition – after the still image of the Draganflyer X6 in the video there is a reverse video shot of the Draganflyer X6 approaching the CRV to a hover. You will see the Draganflyer X6 reflection in the passenger window and in the next scene, we transition to the Mini Cooper with the Draganflyer X6 reflection in the drivers window. Again, the wind carries the Draganflyer X6 with the vehicle as we yaw to keep everything in frame.
• Rock formations and jeep – this clip was shot last year and honestly it was just good luck to have the jeep drive through the scene when it did.

Video Editing:

We use a wide range of video editing tools and video editing work stations but this particular video was electronically stabilized and edited using iMovie 09 on a 24” iMAC with 2GB of memory and 1.3TB of disk.

iMovie works very well with the Panasonic SD9. After shooting the footage we simply pop-out the SD memory card from the camera and using a USB adapter, plug it into the iMAC. If iMovie is already running it will think the SD memory card is the camera and allow you to preview the clips and select what clips you’ll import into the system.

Conclusion:

We hope you found this brief write-up, flying in wind article and video of interest. Enjoy your flying be safe and take some time to get comfortable floating that helicopter in the wind. The more confident you are in your flying abilities the better shots you will be able to get. Practice, practice, practice.

Recently NorthStudio.com used pictures from the Draganflyer X6 to make this spectacular aerial 360° panoramic interactive virtual tour. This virtual tour allows you to control where you want to see and what you want to zoom into too. The control of this virtual tour gives you the feeling of being on board the Draganflyer X6 seeing what it sees.

Draganflyer UAV Helicopter Virtual Tour Panorama

In order to make visually stunning virtual tours a Draganflyer X6 or Draganflyer X4 needs to be flown to the desired altitude. Then aerial photos need to be taken at every 20° resulting in 18 aerial photos. Next a photo is taken with the camera pointing directly down. These photos will then be combined by using panorama tools graphical interface (PTgui) software.

PTgui can stitch any number of photos into a panoramic image creating 360° cylindrical panoramas and even spherical 360×180 degree panoramas. The software stitches most panoramas full automatically how ever to achieve the results such as NorthStudio.com achieved in this panorama virtual tour some post production photo shop work is required.

For more information on how to get your Draganlfyer X6 or Draganflyer X4 pictures made into a virtual panoramic tour we recommend you check out the PTgui forums or contact NorthStudio.com.

UAV aerial photography has many applications, and each requires a different type of picture. Aerial photography is very flexible, you have complete control over the angle, lighting, and overall appearance of the images you are taking. This flexibility allows it to be used for a variety of projects, from aerial surveying to making inspections of equipment, or even promoting real estate. All of these projects should be approached differently – listed below are the general approaches suitable for each.

UAV Aerial Inspection of Equipment

UAV’s are excellent tools for inspecting industrial equipment. In many cases, the area that you need to look at is inaccessible or hazardous. Sending in a UAV gets you the pictures you need, without any risk to staff members or property.

So how do you get an adequate image of equipment? Your goal is simply to capture as much information about the target object as possible, ideally, in several images or in a video. Choosing between still pictures and video can be difficult, but in general, still pictures are better for the inspection of equipment. Video cameras increase the chances of you getting what you want to see in the image, but the resolution of each frame is much smaller than with a comparable still camera.

If you are using a still camera to do the inspection, the best strategy is to get as many pictures as possible. Even though the Draganflyer X6 wireless video receiver will give you a general idea of how to position the helicopter, vibrations, wind gusts, and other movement will make affect each image. By taking as many as possible during a flight, you are guaranteeing that at least a few of them will be suitable for your purposes. The objective is not to obtain perfectly aligned or tilted images, but to get a sharp and well focused picture, that contains everything you are interested in inspecting.

The unprocessed digital image of a natural gas compression station taken with the Draganflyer X6 UAV

In many cases, the images you obtain using this “shotgun” effect will not be perfectly horizontal. There is nothing wrong with this. If your objective is to get visual information about the overall state of your subject, then you can do so without worrying about the camera angle. If you need to publish pictures that are not completely horizontal, your best option is to crop them digitally, using software such as Adobe Photoshop®.

The picture on the left was used for the aerial inspection of a stack where natural gas is compressed (click for a larger version). When the image was obtained, winds were gusting in excess of 30 kilometres per hour (18 miles per hour). The autopilot was able to hold off most of the wind’s interference with the image, but it was left with approximately a 5 degree tilt from the horizontal. This is of no consequence, because cropping the image yields the following:

A cropped image of the same tower taken with the Draganflyer X6 UAV

We can clearly see the top of the pipe in this image, and everything that is occurring around it. This is more than sufficient for a quick visual inspection.

UAV Orthophotography and Aerial Surveying

Orthophotography is aerial photography done with the camera facing straight downwards. This creates an image where the scale is constant throughought. Because the scale does not change with position on the image, you can make accurate measurements of angles, areas, and distances using relatively simple methods. When doing orthophotography, make sure that the camera is as close as 90 degrees to the ground as possible. We have written an in-depth how to for doing orthophotography with the Draganflyer X6 UAV, feel free to read it if you want to learn more.

UAV Aerial Photography for Aesthetics and Real Estate Promotion

When taking aerial pictures for real estate promotion, the aesthetics of the image matter more than anything else. Your goal is to take a single picture, that at a glance, shows potential customers the entire property in a very positive way. People should be able to look at the completed image and be pleased by its beauty, elegance, or simplicity. How do you do this? There is not a really simple answer, but here are few general rules to follow when taking pictures for aesthetic purposes:

• The Rule Of Thirds – Generally, people find pictures of an odd number of objects more pleasing than pictures of an even number of objects. When presented with an even number of objects in a group, the brain tends to look for asymmetries in the image, decreasing it’s aesthetic appeal. The same problem occurs when the primary focus is placed in the direct center of an image – your mind assumes that it’s perfectly centred, and looks for misalignments. You can avoid these problems by putting the focus of your image near the first or last third of the field of view. Doing this removes the sense of symmetry, and improves how the overall image appears.
• Level and Well Focused – Keep your images level, and be sure to allow the camera time to focus before moving. Ensuring that all of your aerial pictures are level is difficult, so take many of them while in the air. Out of all the ones that you obtain, at least a few will be excellent.
• Distracting Objects and Highlights – The last thing you want in promotional images is distractions that take away from the images main focus. Try to avoid including objects that stand out to much, such as reflections, highlights, and those that are brightly colored.
• Lead the Eye – One technique used by photographers is called “leading the eye”. By arranging visual cues in the image, you can guide the viewer to the main focus. This makes the image both more aesthetically pleasing, and more interesting for the person looking at it. Rivers leading to mountains, highways leading to houses, and green lawn leading to a house are all examples of this technique.

If you’re interested in learning more about aerial photography, or photgraphy in general, we highly reccomend reading www.photography-basics.com.

ImageJ (Image Processing and Analysis) is a powerful, free, and industry standard image processing library. Designed to run on any operating system, ImageJ is the perfect software package for the analysis of UAV aerial images. Distances, areas, angles, and more complex analysis can all be done with ImageJ and orthophotos – this document will show you how.

An orthophoto is a geometrically correct image -  taken with the camera pointing straight down, at exactly 90 degrees to the horizontal. Orthophotos lack any distortion in shapes and distances, which are a side effect of projecting a 3 dimensional world onto a two dimensional camera sensor. Because they lack distortions, orthophotos can be used to measure the distances, angles, and areas of objects on the ground. Ideally, orthophotos are calibrated against a three dimensional model of the ground. This compensates for changes in ground level, which can cause distortions and changes in scale. Although the scale will change slightly – you can obtain a reasonable estimate of distances, areas, and other measurements without this calibration, just make sure that the camera and aircraft are as close to 90 degrees relative to the ground as possible. Be aware that measurements decrease in accuracy as the distance from the known measurement used for scale calculation increases. This is discussed in depth in the next sections.

The Draganflyer X6 UAV can take aerial pictures in a number of formats, and is fully compatible with the ImageJ software library.

Obtaining the ImageJ Software

ImageJ can be downloaded and installed on any operating system. If you don’t want to install imageJ to your computer, you can also run it as a Java Applet in your web browser.

Assuming that you opt for a hard drive installation, download a copy of ImageJ that matches your computer and operating system. Versions are available for Macintosh, Linux, and Windows, and are displayed on the download page. Windows users don’t need to install the version with Java included, if they already have Java installed.

Once you’ve downloaded ImageJ, double click the installer and select a directory that’s convenient for you to use. C:/Program Files works well on Microsoft Windows.

Image Analysis Basics: Measuring Distance, Angles, and Area

You can use the Draganflyer X6 UAV (equipped with the Panasonic LX3 digital camera), and the ImageJ software to do aerial surveying. ImageJ can measure the distances and angles between two objects on the ground, and compute the areas of selected regions. To do this, you have to provide ImageJ with a known length, or distance between two objects on the ground. The software uses this known distance, and divides it by the number of pixels that the same object occupies on the picture. This gives the picture scale, which is then used to do the calculations.

Finding an object with a known length in the same field of view as the object you want to measure can be challenging. Instead, we suggest this procedure for making aerial measurements:

1. Take the Draganflyer X6 UAV and a meter stick to the location you want to survey.
2. Place the meter stick on the ground, near to the object or area being measured.
3. Fly the Draganflyer X6 UAV over the target area, taking several aerial pictures.
4. Land and download the images to your computer for analysis.

Try to fly the UAV at a moderate altitude. The accuracy of the measurements will decrease with height, but you need the object that you’re measuring to fit into one picture.

Once you’ve obtained the aerial pictures needed, you’re ready to begin analysis with ImageJ. Click on “Start” if you’re using Windows, and then click on the ImageJ menu entry. The initial screen looks like this:

The top toolbar contains all the commands you can apply to an image. and the buttons show the various tools that you can use. Open an image by clicking “File”, and then clicking “Open”. Most file formats are supported, but we’ll use a JPEG file for this example. The file selection dialogue that appears looks like this:

After opening the file, a new window will appear. It may display the image as a thumbnail, scaled down to fit in a small window. Zoom in and out using Control + and Control -, until the image fits comfortably on your monitor. Now that you’ve got the image opened in ImageJ, we’ll go through some of the most common analysis procedures, starting with measuring the distance between two objects.

Calibrating the Image Scale

ImageJ must be calibrated before you can use it for measurements. When you took the images, you set a meterstick (or other object with a known length) on the ground. Find this meterstick in the image that you took, and click the line tool (highlighted in the screenshot below.)

Moving over to your image window, click on one end of the meterstick, and drag the mouse over to the other end, while holding the left mouse button down. Release the mouse button, and click the “Analyze” toolbar entry. Click the “Set Scale” entry in the menu that appears. A small window will appear, which looks like this:

The “Distance in Pixels” is the length of your meterstick, measured in pixels. Enter the meterstick’s actual length in the “Known Distance” entry, check the “Global” box, and then press “OK”. ImageJ will now calculate the image scale, and return you to the picture you’re working on.

A Real Life Example

The picture on the right was obtained using the Draganflyer X6 UAV, which was flown over a farm at a moderate altitude. An aluminium meterstick was set on the ground near the flight area, and can be clearly seen in the image (you may have to click and view the larger version.)

Using the meterstick, we followed the instructions above and found the picture scale to be 7.532 pixels per foot.

Measuring distances with ImageJ is easy – click and drag using the line tool mentioned earlier. Before you release the left mouse button, note the distance in ImageJ’s main window. For example: the distance between the shed and red car was found to be 94.48 feet. This can be seen in the following screenshot:

Measuring angles is also possible with ImageJ. Angles are always measured relative to the positive X axis, and the result is displayed in the ImageJ main window.

Perimeters and arbitrary areas can also be measured with ImageJ. Click any of the selection tools (such as freehand, ellipse, rectangle, etc) and make a selection. View the measurement data by clicking “analyze”, and then “measurements”. The window that appears looks like this:

You can change what information is displayed here by clicking the edit, and then set measurements. Additional information that can be found includes the integrated density, center of mass, and many others. Read the ImageJ documentation for a full description of it’s measurement capabilities.

Disclaimer

Using ImageJ and the Draganflyer UAV for aerial measurements can produce accurate results, but Draganfly Innovations makes no claim as to how accurate this method is in your particular case. Always assume an error of at least a few feet when taking distance measurements, and make sure that the helicopter is level when taking pictures. The camera must be set at 90 degrees to the helicopter for this method to work – do this by turning the camera tilt knob.

ImageJ is a powerful software program, and you can explore more of it’s functionality by reading the documentation.

UAVs are complicated machines, and it’s a true feat of engineering to be able to design and build them feasibly. To do so, however, requires an in-depth understanding of the underlying physics. A UAV has to be able to sense it’s position, velocity, acceleration, and many of the other variables that describe it’s motion. All of these ideas are clearly defined and described in the laws of physics, and understanding them can answer many questions about UAV flight characteristics. In this article, we’ll focus on VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing) UAVs like our Draganflyer X6, but the same concepts apply to all other air vehicles and UAVs.

Some Basic Concepts Explained

Before we can explain more complicated ideas (like how airfoils and accelerometers work), an understanding of a few basic physical principles is needed.  These include force, mass, and acceleration. We’re going to skip a more thorough explanation (which would require calculus), and instead use a purely algebraic approach.

Mass

Mass is a quantity that defines how an object interacts with a gravitational field, and how acceleration, momentum, energy and similar concepts work. Mass is commonly associated with weight, and it’s true that an increase in mass results in an increase in weight, but they are two separate concepts. Weight is a force – a push or pull on an object, while mass is a quantity intrinsic to a particular object. The SI (International System) unit of mass is the Kilogram, equal to a weight of 1000 grams. Kilograms are different from pounds – a pound is a unit of force, which we will describe shortly.

Velocity

Velocity is often used as a synonym for speed, but as with mass and weight, they are two separate ideas. Speed measures how fast something is moving, without reference to the direction that it’s travelling. Velocity keeps track of both speed and direction, giving a more complete picture of the behaviour of an object. The direction is given as an angle, measured with respect to some reference. Angle usually has units of degrees, of which there are 360 in a complete circle.

Acceleration

Acceleration describes the rate at which velocity changes. You can find the average acceleration of an object by dividing the change in velocity (delta V) by the time interval in which that change takes place (delta T). The result becomes more precise as you let delta T and delta V get smaller, and as they become infinately small, the calculation becomes precise. Acceleration is measured by an electronic device called an accelerometer. Our Draganflyer X6 UAV has 3 accelerometers, which measure acceleration in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively.

Acceleration takes into account both the change in speed and the change in direction, making it a vector quantity as well.

Force

Now that acceleration and mass are understood, we can define force. Loosely, force is a “push” or “pull” on an object. Mathematically, force is the product of mass and acceleration (also known as Newton’s Second Law). This makes sense intuitively: the force required to move an object gets larger as the object gets heavier, and it also increases if you want to accelerate it faster.

From this, we can see that applying a force to an object with mass will result in an acceleration, and in order to accelerate an object, a force must be applied.

It may be hard to believe, but these few concepts are actually all you need to understand the basic physics of aircraft and UAV flight. New concepts are built upon them, but these same principals are fundamental.

UAV Flight Equilibrium

Equilibrium is a state of motion where all forces balance, cancelling each other out exactly. Because any force on an object causes an acceleration, so if an aircraft is to remain in one place all the forces acting on it must add to 0. So how does this happen?

Let’s start by imagining a generic aircraft, that is currently hovering in one place. The forces acting on it are:

• Gravity, pulling downwards
• Thrust from the motors, pushing upwards

We will neglect airflow, torque from the propellers, or any other force that acts sideways.

In order to hover without gaining or losing altitude, the thrust from the motors must equal the force of gravity. This is shown graphically on the right. The gravitational force is represented by the green arrow, and the lift force provided by the motors is shown by the orange arrow.

This concept becomes immediately useful. For example: the Draganflyer X6 weighs 1000 grams, so the motors and propellers need to provide exactly 1000 grams of thrust downwards to keep the UAV in a hover.

Obviously, the forces don’t always have to balance. If we wanted the UAV to turn, that imbalance has to be created. On the Draganflyer X6, this is done by spinning one of the propeller sets faster than the other two. This creates an excess force on one side of the aircraft, resulting in an acceleration. It’s this acceleration of one side of the aircraft that allows the turn. Once the aircraft is banked, all the thrust from the motors is directed away from the downward direction, allowing it to move relative to the ground. When we desire the motion to stop, the UAV banks in the opposite direction.

Error Measurements

Every measurement has an error of uncertainty associated with it. It’s theoretically impossible to measure something with absolute precision. Because of this, all of the instruments built in to the Draganflyer X6 have an error tolerance associated with them. This error can be estimated as the smallest graduation on the measuring device. The magnetometer, for example, is capable of measuring to the nearest degree. This error may increase due to external influences, such as electric equipment operating nearby.

Because every instrument in the IMU has an error bar, the flight computer can’t be 100% sure of the UAVs position at any given time. This means that if you let go of the controls, the UAV will drift off of the position that you left it in. It’s simply a consequence of the physics involved – no amount of engineering precision can change the fact that there will always be an error in the instrument measurments.

In a well designed aircraft, errors are handled well so that their effect on flight performance is minimal. In the Draganflyer X6, for example, the uncertainty in GPS position is always displayed on the handset, and trim tabs are provided to cancel out any unwanted movement. We’ve taken every possible step to minimize the effect of errors, and display them to the user.

Applications to UAV and Aircraft Design

All these concepts are important, but how are they applied to UAV design? Well, we know from Newtons Second Law that any force results in an acceleration, which is just a change in velocity. UAVs need to control their position and velocity, so there must be some means of obtaining and processing this information. Our Draganflyer X6 UAV does this by using the following:

• A magnetometer to measure heading
• 3 accelerometers to measure acceleration
• A GPS to find position and velocity
• A barometric pressure sensor to measure altitude

Combined, all these sensors can be considered an “inertial measurement unit”, or IMU. Data from each of these sensors is processed by the flight computer and used to make altitude, heading, and speed corrections.

The physics behind how the Draganflyer X6 UAV works are complicated, but these simple ideas should help you to understand why it behaves the way it does, and the degree of understanding required to build such a complicated machine.

Panasonic has recently released a firmware update for their DMC-LX3 series digital cameras. Most cameras are shipped with firmware version 1.2, and upgrading to version 1.3 will unlock several new features, including:

• The auto white balance function has been improved.
• The camera recovers gracefully if turned on with the lens cap still in place.
• The MF ASSIST/AF area selection has been improved.
• The display of manual exposures has been improved.

Firmware version 1.2 works, but it’s always a good idea to keep your camera running at the latest version. Here’s an easy – and free – way to upgrade the firmware and improve your cameras performance.

To Update Your Camera’s Firmware:

1. Fully charge the camera battery. If the battery runs out of power while the firmware is installing, it’s very likely that you will make the camera un-usable. The camera will display “no valid picture to play” if you try to update the firmware with a partially charged battery.
2. Check your firmware version. If you already have the latest firmware version, you don’t need to update. Check your version by pressing “menu / set”, then scrolling to settings, and then selecting “Version Disp.” You only need the update if your version is less than 1.3.
3. Download firmware version 1.3. Click either the Windows or Mac version (depending on your operating system) on Panasonic’s site, and download the firmware to your computer. The Mac version comes as a zip file, while the windows version is a self extracting executable file. Unzip the mac version, or run the windows version, and find the resulting .bin file. Make sure that the .bin file size is exactly 6,096,384 bytes. You can check this in Windows by right clicking the .bin file and selecting “Properties”. The file size on disk will be slightly different, but that doesn’t matter. Only the actual file size is important. Checking the file size makes sure that you don’t have a corrupt copy. If you find the file size is different, try downloading the file again.
4. Copy the firmware to an SD card. Make sure that there are no files on the SD card, and that it’s been formatted to work with the camera. Formatting instructions can be found in the camera’s instruction manual. Once the card is ready, add the .bin file that you downloaded.  If your computer doesn’t have an SD card reader / writer, use a portable USB one, available at most computer stores.
5. Set up the camera. To update the camera firmware, several switches have to be in the correct position. With the camera OFF, slide switch “C” to the  position, and move switch “B” to the playback position (NOT the position). Insert the SD card you prepared earlier and turn the camera on by sliding the power switch to the “on” position.
6. If you’ve followed the above steps exactly, the camera will now display “Please wait…”. After a few seconds, a menu asking “Start version up?” will be shown. Select “yes” using button “A” and press menu / set to confirm.
7. The firmware will now update. It is critical that you don’t touch any of the camera buttons during the update process. After the update finishes, the camera will reboot (power off and then on again) and resume normal operation. You can tell that the firmware update completes when you see the camera screen power off and then back on. After the update finishes, the warning not to touch the camera buttons will disappear.
8. Verify that the update was successful. You can verify that the firmware update was successful by navigating to the version display item in the setting menu. It should display version 1.3.

Congratulations! You’ve just updated the firmware on your Panasonic LX3 series digital camera. The new firmware will keep your camera up to date, and give you access to all the latest features.

Enjoy using the Panasonic LX3 for your RC UAV aerial photography!